logoMenu

知识 | 二十四节气中的中华文化–冬至（中英版本介绍）

2021-12-21 |作者：光明日报&中国传媒大学 | 来源：光明网

大温家长会
文化
知识

Loading...

“日照数九冬至天，清霜风高未辞岁”，自此，真正的数九寒天便开始了

来源｜光明网

ID｜gmw_001

 

 

 

冬至到了，“年味儿”渐浓

“雪花飘飘，北风萧萧”，在凛冽的寒风中，我们迎来了冬季的第四个节气——冬至。冬至是太阳南行的极致，是北半球白昼时间最短、黑夜最漫长的一天，所以古有“日短至”之称。“日照数九冬至天，清霜风高未辞岁”，自此，真正的数九寒天便开始了。
　　
冬至曾是古人最隆重的节日之一。《清嘉录》中记载“冬至大如年”，足见其重要性。对老百姓而言，这天是个吉祥的日子，代表着旧去新来。
冬至（中国画）孙震生
　　
既然要“过年”，那就离不开一件重要的事情——吃。“冬至吃啥？”已经成为这一天人们讨论最热的话题。酸甜苦辣咸，诉说的都是美食背后浓浓的家乡味。对于无论什么节日都会吃饺子的北方人来说，冬至当然不能例外。毕竟俗语说了：“冬至不端饺子碗，冻掉耳朵没人管。”而在南方，人们更爱吃汤圆、年糕，有的地区还流行一种用糖、肉、菜、果、萝卜丝等做馅，糯米粉包制而成的“冬至团”，寓意一份团圆美满。正如戴士和在油画作品《开平冬至》里描绘的那样，鲜鱼、禽蛋、咸肉、粽子……这些让人垂涎欲滴的美食，为迎接冬至统统都要备出来。画家用笔生动自如，色彩饱满浓郁，每种食材都散发着生命力，给人强烈的现场感。透过眼前的画面，我们仿佛能看到主人家在厨房内外忙活的热闹场景。这或许正是每家每户在冬至这天对待“吃”这件事的真实写照吧。
开平冬至（油画）戴士和
在古代，冬至的另一个重要习俗，就是祭祖。宋代孟元老《东京梦华录》中曾载：“十一月冬至。京师最重此节，虽至贫者，一年之间，积累假借，至此日更易新衣，备办饮食，享祀先祖。官放关扑，庆祝往来，一如年节。”人们在这天要向父母尊长拜节，彼此“贺冬”，漂泊在外的人也要回家过冬节，祭祀祖先，传承孝道。民俗画家戴树良笔下的《冬至》用中国画的表现手法，生动展现出学生敬师拜圣的场景：先生谦逊和蔼地端坐厅堂，学生们带着酒菜、礼物向其拜叩，神情愉悦又庄重，师娘备好的饭菜热气腾腾，就连墙上的孔夫子像都刻画深入，每个细节都体现出画家创作时的精心构思。水墨与漫画的结合，在传统中流露着一丝风趣，色调清新雅致，独具人文情怀，将冬至时节的文化内涵表现得淋漓尽致。
冬至（中国画）戴树良
　　

一年到头，人们往往都会抓紧最后的时节忙碌、奋斗，既是对过去一年的总结，又是为新一年的开启做足准备。所谓农闲不忘农忙，陈树中的《野草滩的冬至》记录了冬至时节农民的劳作生活。这位生长于东北农村的油画家，以自己的生活经验为基础，描绘着家乡的风土民情，画风古朴自然，凝重饱满，写实的基础上带有浓烈的浪漫主义色彩。大雪过后的小村庄，到处是白茫茫的积雪，一家人分工协作，铲雪、扫房顶、整理草垛，忙得不亦乐乎。此情此景，像极了进行年末大扫除的我们。

　　
冬至来了，预示着这一年就快过去，你准备如何过这个“年”？好好吃一顿大餐，向父母师长送去一份祝福，再为自己做一份年终总结，一起准备好去迎接新的一年吧！

英文版
On the first day of the solar term Winter Solstice, the daytime is the shortest and night is the longest in a year in the northern hemisphere. That is why this day has been known as the shortest day since ancient China. Winter Solstice marks the advent of the coldest season in a year.

Winter Solstice was one of the most important festivals in the old times. According to a book written about 200 years ago, “Winter Solstice is as important as the New Year Day”.  To the common folks, this was an auspicious day, meaning that the old had gone and the new would arrive.
Celebrating Winter Solstice also means having good food. People in North China like to eat dumplings, particularly during Winter Solstice. As a saying goes, “If you forget eating dumplings during Winter Solstice, your ears will be frozen and no one will care.” While in the south, people often eat glue puddings and rice cakes. In some places, people eat Winter Solstice ball. Made with glutinous rice flour wrapped with sugar, meat, vegetables, fruits, shredded radish, it symbolizes happiness and unity. As Dai Shihe depicts in his oil painting Winter Solstice in Kaiping, a place in South China, fresh fish, eggs, bacon, dumplings and other delicacies are all prepared for Winter Solstice. Painted with bold brushstrokes and rich colors, the food ingredients are vivid and true to life.

Another important custom in Winter Solstice in the old times was ancestor worship. In a Chinese painting entitled Winter Solstice, painter Dai Shuliang presents a scene of   students paying respect to their teacher with liquor and other gifts in his house. The teacher’s wife has prepared a good meal for them. There is also a well-painted portrait of Confucius on the wall. With fine and delicate details, the painting fully conveys the cultural appeal of Winter Solstice.

As the year draws to an end, people have a lot of work to complete. Chen Shuzhong”s painting Winter Solstice on the Meadow shows a busy scene for farmers during Winter Solstice. The small village is covered with heavy snow. A farmer and his family members are busily shoveling snow, sweeping the roof and keeping the haystack in good order.
When Winter Solstice comes, we know that a year will soon be over. It is time to have a good meal, send best wishes to parents and teachers, and look back on what we have achieved in the year. And more importantly, we should get ready for the advent of the New Year!

文字素材来源:《光明日报》（2020年12月20日 11版）
出品：光明日报&中国传媒大学

 

责任编辑：柳叶刀
 
联系小助理，加入大温家长群！

 

 

Fungo Ads

阅读 ‌

未经允许不得转载：加拿大乐活网 »知识 | 二十四节气中的中华文化–冬至（中英版本介绍）
分享：

相关推荐

‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌