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鸡蛋、鱿鱼胆固醇高,多吃易超标?但为何已避免食用,胆固醇仍继续升?这观念错了。营养师曾美慧(Amy Tsang)指出,从食物中摄取胆固醇,并非导致血液胆固醇上升的原因,有2类食物才是元凶!想有效降低胆固醇,她推介多吃1类食物,并列出应尽量避免的坏胆固醇食物例子。
食鸡蛋鱿鱼怕胆固醇高?
营养师曾美慧(Amy Tsang)在其Instagram专页指出,许多人因为胆固醇高,不敢吃鸡蛋和鱿鱼等食物,但仍未能让胆固醇指数下降。
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从营养师Amy提供的资料可见,鸡蛋、鱿鱼的脂肪含量很低。至于胆固醇,以每100克食物计算,鸡蛋、鱿鱼的胆固醇分别为234、233毫克。
2类食物是元凶 营养师教降胆固醇食法
营养师Amy引述2015年美国政府公布的膳食指南指,“每天不应摄取多于300毫克胆固醇”的规定已被剔除,因为从食物所摄取的胆固醇,并不是导致血液胆固醇含量高的主要原因。
若想有效改善胆固醇,应减少饱和脂肪、反式脂肪的摄取量,并多摄取不饱和脂肪酸。Amy指出,饱和脂肪、反式脂肪都会增加血液坏胆固醇(LDL)的含量,两者常见食物来源如下:
胆固醇高元凶:饱和脂肪食物来源及例子
饱和脂肪常见食物来源及例子:
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动物性脂肪,例如:排骨、五花腩、鸡脚
全脂奶
椰子油
棕榈油
胆固醇高元凶:反式脂肪食物来源及例子
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反式脂肪常见食物来源:
植物牛油、氢化油、油炸食物
例子:牛油、蛋挞、牛角包、薯条
好胆固醇:不饱和脂肪食物来源及例子
营养师Amy指出,并不是少吃含饱和脂肪、反式脂肪的食物,就可以降低体内的坏胆固醇。此外,还要增加摄取不饱和脂肪食物,才有助降低血液中坏胆固醇。其中,Omega-3脂肪酸(奥米加脂肪酸)有助提升好胆固醇水平。
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不饱和脂肪常见食物来源:
菜籽油、橄榄油
深海鱼,例子:三文鱼
坚果类
牛油果
内容获“amytsang_nutritionist”授权转载
胆固醇过高可致冠心病中风
卫生署指出,血液中的胆固醇若过高,就有可能积聚在血管内壁上,导致血管变得狭窄,甚至闭塞。若供应血液给心脏肌肉的冠状动脉出现这种情况,就会引致“冠状动脉心脏病”,亦即“冠心病”。
至于脑部血管,也可因为胆固醇积聚而闭塞或破裂,导致“中风”,严重者可能会半身不遂,甚至死亡。中风和冠心病均是香港目前的主要杀手病。
胆固醇分为2种:好胆固醇/坏胆固醇
根据本港卫生署资料,脂肪基本是由1个甘油分子及3个脂肪酸分子所组成,食物中常见脂肪的可分为“饱和脂肪”、“不饱和脂肪”2大类。前者摄取过量会增患病风险,后者则可减胆固醇水平。
食安中心列出饱和脂肪及不饱和脂肪的特性及食物例子。除了减少摄取高饱和脂肪食物,也要少吃反式脂肪食物,免增患病风险。
坏胆固醇:饱和脂肪(特性及食物例子)
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坏胆固醇:反式脂肪(特性及食物例子)
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好胆固醇:不饱和脂肪(特性及食物例子)
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延伸阅读:卫生署教预防胆固醇过高方法
根据本港卫生署资料,要预防血液中的胆固醇水平过高,以减低患上冠心病和中风的机会,便应养成良好的饮食和生活习惯:
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T03
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